Here is an excellent picture explaining the Chinese and English names of important parts on a bike. It basically includes all the bike parts. This guide is very beginner friendly. BTW, SUMLON manufacturers several of them, such as bottom brackets, OPCs, crank sets, chain rings, and etc.
If you are looking for a more professional parts list. Park tool provides a more professional picture. I guess that would help.
The terminologies associated with bicycle parts are essential for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of bicycles and their components. Whether you are a novice cyclist, an experienced rider, or a professional mechanic, having a comprehensive knowledge of these terms will greatly enhance your ability to work with bicycles effectively and efficiently.
Basically, we have seat (saddle), wheel, rim, tire, spoke, cassette, spoke nipple, adjusting barrel, rear derailleur, seat stay, break, seat post, brake pad (shoe), seat rails, seat post clamp, rear dropout, chain, chainstay, derailleur pulley, pedal, crankset, chainring, chainring bolt, quick release, crank arm, top tube, headset, stem, housing stop, break hoods, cable housing, levers, handlebars, fork, adjusting barrel, fork crown, break cable, seat tube, front derailleur, bottle cage, sown tube, head tube, valve stem, fork blade, hub, front dropout. Here are some detailed definitions for each of them as below:
1. Seat (Saddle): The seat, also known as the saddle, is where the rider sits. It provides support and comfort during cycling, with various shapes and designs available to suit different preferences and riding styles.
2.Wheel: The wheel is a circular bicycle component that rotates on its axle, allowing the bike to move forward. It consists of a rim, spokes, and a hub, with a tire mounted.
3.Rim: The rim is the wheel’s outer edge that holds the tire in place. It provides structural support and distributes the bicycle’s weight while also serving as a braking surface for rim brakes.
4.Tire: The tire is the rubber covering surrounding the wheel’s rims surrounding the wheel’s rim. It provides traction, absorbs shocks, and supports the weight of the bicycle and rider, with different tread patterns available for various terrains.
5.Spoke: Spokes are the thin metal rods that connect the rim to the wheel’s hub. They provide support and distribute tension evenly, helping to maintain the wheel’s shape and strength.
6.Cassette: The cassette is a cluster of gears attached to the rear wheel hub. It allows the rider to change gears by engaging different-sized sprockets, providing a range of gear ratios for varying terrain.
7.Spoke Nipple: The spoke nipple is a small nut that threads onto the end of each spoke. It is used to adjust the tension of the spokes, allowing for precise tuning of the wheel’s alignment and strength.
8.Adjusting Barrel: The adjusting barrel is found on the brake and derailleur cables. It allows for fine-tuning of cable tension, enabling adjustments to brake or shifting performance.
9.Rear Derailleur: The rear derailleur is a mechanism responsible for moving the chain between different gears on the cassette. The rider controls it via a shifter, enabling smooth gear changes.
10.Seat Stay: The seat stay is a part of the bicycle frame that connects the top of the seat tube to the rear wheel dropout. It provides stability and support to the rear of the bicycle.
11.Brake: The brake is a device to slow down or stop the bicycle. There are various brakes, including rim brakes and disc brakes, each with its mechanism for applying friction to the wheel.
12.Seat Post: The seat post is a tube that inserts into the frame’s seat tube and supports the saddle. It allows for the adjustment of saddle height to accommodate different rider heights and preferences.
13.Brake Pad (Shoe): The brake pad, also known as the brake shoe, is the replaceable component that makes contact with the rim or rotor to slow down the bicycle when the brakes are applied.
14.Seat Rails: The seat rails are metal rods attached to the underside of the saddle. They connect the saddle to the seat post clamp, allowing for adjustment of saddle position fore and aft.
15.Seatpost Clamp: The Seatpost clamp is a device that secures the seat post to the frame. It typically consists of a bolt or quick-release mechanism that tightens around the seat post, preventing it from slipping or rotating.
16.Rear Dropout: The rear dropout is a slot or opening in the bicycle frame where the rear wheel axle is inserted and secured. It provides a mounting point for the rear wheel and allows for easy removal and installation.
17.Chain: The chain is a series of interlocking metal links that transfer power from the pedals to the rear wheel. It engages with the crankset chainrings and the cassette sprockets to propel the bicycle forward.
18.Chainstay: The chainstay is a part of the bicycle frame that runs parallel to the chain, connecting the bottom bracket to the rear dropout. It provides support and alignment for the rear wheel and helps to prevent chain slap.
19.Derailleur Pulley: The derailleur pulley is a small wheel located on the rear derailleur. It guides the chain as it moves between gears on the cassette, ensuring smooth and efficient shifting.
20.Pedal: The pedal is the platform where the rider’s foot rests and provides the force to propel the bicycle forward. It attaches to the crank arms via a spindle and typically features a surface with a grip or cleats for secure footing.
21.Crankset: The crankset, also known as the chainset, is the assembly that connects the pedals to the chain. It consists of one or more chainrings attached to crank arms, which rotate to drive the chain and propel the bicycle forward.
22.Chainring: The chainring is a toothed disc attached to the crankset. It engages with the chain to transfer power from the rider’s pedaling motion to the rear wheel, with different sizes available to adjust gear ratios.
23.Chainring Bolt: The chainring bolt is a fastener that secures the chainrings to the crank arms. It typically consists of a threaded bolt and nut or washer, ensuring the chainrings remain securely attached during pedaling.
24.Quick Release: The quick release is a lever mechanism to secure the bicycle frame’s wheels. It allows for rapid removal and installation of the wheels without the need for tools, facilitating easy transport and maintenance.
25.Top Tube: The top tube is a horizontal bar that connects the head tube to the seat tube on the bicycle frame. It provides structural support and rigidity to the frame, helping to distribute weight and absorb shocks.
26.Headset: The headset is a set of bearings and components that allow the fork to rotate smoothly within the frame’s head tube. It enables steering control and stability while riding and various types are available for various forks and frames.
27.Stem: The stem is a component that connects the handlebars to the fork’s steerer tube. It determines the rider’s reach and handlebar height, with various lengths and angles available to adjust the riding position.
28.Housing Stop: The housing stop is a small metal or plastic fitting on the frame that holds the outer casing of brake or derailleur cables in place. It provides a secure attachment point and guides the cables along the frame.
29.Brake Hoods: Brake hoods are rubber covers atop the brake levers on drop handlebars. They provide a comfortable grip and additional hand positions for riders, enhancing control and comfort while braking.
30.Cable Housing: Cable housing is a flexible sheath that encases brake or derailleur cables, protecting them from dirt, moisture, and damage. It also helps to guide the cables along the frame and ensures smooth operation of the braking and shifting systems.
31.Levers: Levers are hand-operated controls that actuate the brakes or shifters on a bicycle. They provide the rider with precise control over braking and shifting, and different types and designs are available to suit different preferences.
32.Handlebars: Handlebars are the horizontal bars attached to the stem the rider holds onto while cycling. They provide a means of steering and controlling the bicycle, with various shapes and styles available to accommodate different riding preferences.
33.Fork: The fork is the component of the bicycle frame that holds the front wheel in place. It consists of two fork blades that extend downward from the steerer tube, providing stability and support to the bicycle’s front end.
34.Fork Crown: The fork crown is the part of the fork where the fork blades meet the steerer tube. It provides structural support and rigidity to the fork.
